Influence of Dexmedetomidine Applied in Combined Acupuncture-medication Anesthesia on Vomiting After Thyroidectomy / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the influence of dexmedetomidine applied in combined acupuncture-medication anesthesia on vomiting after thyroidectomy. Method Seventy patients who were going to receive thyroidectomy were randomized into group A and B, with 35 cases in each group. Combined acupuncture-medication anesthesia [electroacupuncture at Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6) and Futu (ST32) plus intravenous infusions of sufentanil citrate injection (0.3 mg/kg) 20 minutes before operation]was adopted in both groups. Group A was additionally intervened by constantvelocity micropump infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection (0.5 mg/kg) within 10 minutes before operation and remaining 0.4 mg/kg/min during operation, while group B was intervened by infusion of normal saline 10 minutes before operation. The observer's assessment of awareness/sedation (OAA/S) scores at different time points[lying in bed for 5 minutes before operation (T0), before the beginning of the operation (T1), 30 minutes after operation (T2), 60 minutes after operation (T3) and at the end of operation (T4)] in the two groups were observed. The additional times and total dose of sufentanil during operation, the number of cases using esmolol and urapidil, and the number of vomiting cases occurred within 2 hours after operation and 2～24 hours after operation in the two groups were recorded.Result The additional times and total dose of sufentanil during operation in group A were significantly different from those in group B (P<0.01). The utilization rate of esmolol and urapidil were respectively 31.4％ and 14.3％ in group A versus 77.1％ and 65.7％ in group B, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The incidence of vomiting within 2 hours after operation and 2～24 hours after operation were respectively 20.0％ and 17.1％in group A versus 54.3％ and 42.9％ in group B, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The OAA/S scores at different time points (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in group A were significantly different from those in group B (P<0.01). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine applied in combined acupuncture-medication anesthesia can reduce the additional times and total dose of sufentanil during thyroidectomy, and it can reduce the incidence of postoperative vomiting as well.

Effect of receptor tyrosine phosphatase D on the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the effect of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) on the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells. Method PTPRD expression in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231 was down-regulated by small interference RNAs (siRNAs). Self-renewal ability of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) was detected by mammosphere formation assay. The holocolony forming ability was detected by colony formation assay. The proportion of CD44+/CD24- BCSCs was detected by flow cytometry. The ability of tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in mice was sdudied with mouse tumorigenesis test. Separation of CD44+/CD24- stem cell population and non-stem cell population was isolated by immunomagnetic beads. Expression of PTPRD in stem cell and non-stem cell population was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent. Results Down-regulation of PTPRD promoted the expression of stem cell markers ALDH1 and OCT-4. The expression of PTPRD in breast cancer stem cells was lower than than in non-stem cells (P<0.05). After PTPRD was down-regulated, the number of mammosphere (147±3.51) was significantly higher than that of the control group (106±12.5) (P<0.05), the proportion of holoclone [(35.9±3.4) ％] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(11.2±5.3) ％] (P<0.05), the proportion of CD44+/CD24- cells[(2.88±1.2) ％]was significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.6±0.4) ％], the in vivo tumorigenicity was significantly enhanced in nude mice (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of PTPRD is lower in BCSCs. PTPRD may inhibit the self-renewal ability of breast cancer stem cells.

Efficacy on analgesia with electric stimulation of long-term retaining needle after laparoscopic cholecystectomy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of electric stimulation of long-term retaining needle on analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and the impacts on the post-surgical flatus time.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Under static absorptive composite general anesthesia, 90 cases of LC were randomized into three groups, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the analgesia was not applied after LC. In the analgesia-pumper group, the patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was used. In the needle-retaining group, the electric acupuncture stimulator was used. The needles were inserted transversely at Riyue (GB 24), Qichong (ST 30) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and fixed with sterile sticker. Separately, in 8 h and 24 h after surgery, the electric acupuncture stimulation with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz frequency was applied continuously for 30 min. Visual analogue scale (VAS), adverse reactions such as vomiting and nausea and the postoperative flatus time in 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h after surgery were observed and recorded in the three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after surgery, VAS scores in the needle-retaining group and the analgesia-pumper group were all lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The analgesia effect at the above time points in the needle-retaining group was better than that in the analgesia-pumper group (all P < 0.05). There was not adverse reaction in the needle-retaining group. But there were 3 cases of somnolence, 6 cases of nausea and 3 cases of vomiting in the analgesia-pumper group, and 2 cases of nausea and 1 case of vomiting in the control group. The flatus time was quite earlier in the needle-retaining group as compared with the other two groups [(14.77 +/- 4.99) h vs (18.50 +/- 4.22) h, P < 0.01; (14.77 +/- 4.99) h vs (18.17 +/- 4.69) h, P < 0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The electric stimulation of long-term retaining needle is safe and effective in analgesia after LC. It avoids the adverse reactions of analgesics and promotes postoperative flatus.</p>

Down-regulation of Smoothened gene expression inhibits proliferation of breast cancer stem cells / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of down-regulating Smoothened (SMO) gene expression through short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on the proliferation of breast cancer stem cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human SMO shRNA was designed, synthesized chemically, and transfected into MCF-7 cells to down-regulate SMO gene. By using G418, stable cells with down-regulated SMO were selected. In vitro proliferation of these cells was measured by CCK8 assay. The proportion of CD44(+)/CD24(-) cells was detected by flow cytometry and the mammospheres formation was determined by suspension sphere culture. The expression of SMO, GLI1 and Oct4 was detected by Western blot. In vivo, the volume of tumor was measured every 3 days and the expression of SMO, GLI1 and Oct4 detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, the cells were transfected with SMO-shRNA and selected by G418 after 21 days. SMO-shRNA effectively down-regulated the expression of SMO gene and protein, and inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and markedly reduced the proportion of CD44(+)/CD24(-) cells and mammospheres. In vivo, SMO-shRNA treatment of MCF-7 significantly inhibited the volume of tumor. The positive rate of SMO in negative control and SMO-shRNA group was 5/5 and 2/5, respectively. The expression of SMO, GLI1 and Oct4 in different groups were 0.72 ± 0.17 and 0.21 ± 0.09, 1.21 ± 0.21 and 0.47 ± 0.12, 0.83 ± 0.13 and 0.25 ± 0.07. SMO, GLI1 and Oct4 down-regulation significantly suppressed at protein levels (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The shRNA by chemical synthesis can effectively down-regulate SMO gene expression and inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer stem cells.</p>

Expression of chromogranin A in human mammary tissues / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the pathogenesis and significance of neuroendocrine breast carcinoma by detecting chromogranin A (CgA) in human mammary tissues.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Eighty-nine cases of human mammary tissues were collected to detect CgA expression using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>No CgA expression was detected in normal or hyperplastic tissues, but its expression was found in mammary carcinoma tissues at the rate of 16.7%. A significant difference in CgA expression was found between cancer tissues and non-cancer tissues, but not between the cancer tissues with different pathological grades.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pathogenesis of mammary neuroendocrine carcinoma may involve the micro-environmental factors that affect the differentiation of stem cells to give rise to immature cells, cell differentiation in other lineages or transdifferentiation. CgA may serve as an immunological parameter for this type of breast cancer in routine screening test.</p>

Expression and significance of survivin protein, PTEN in prostatic cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expressions of survivin, PTEN and their relationships with tissue grade and pathology stage in prostatic carcinoma (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The immunohistological staining was used to evaluated the expressions of survivin protein and PTEN in 43 case of prostatic carcinoma (PCa) and 5 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of survivin protein was 81.40%. Expression of survivin protein in 5 case of BPH was negative. The positive rate of PTEN was 30.23%, and the higher the grade and the clinical stage of tumors were, the lower the expression of PTEN was, PTEN of 5 case of BPH was positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The positively correlation was found between the abnormal expressions of survivin protein, PTEN and the biological behavior of prostatic carcinoma (PCa). Detection of survivin combined with PTEN is valuable for diagnosing PCa, and evaluating malignancy extent and prognosis.</p>